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健康中心 - 本站消息 | 2019-04-09 | 點閱數: 531

世界衛生組織指出,菸草每年使 700 多萬人失去生命,其中有 600 多萬人緣於直接使用菸草,有大約 89 萬人屬於接觸二手菸霧的非吸菸者,整體而言,平均不到 5 秒就有 1 人因菸害死亡。在臺灣,約有 2 萬 4,000 名吸菸者死於吸菸及近 2,600 名非吸菸者死於二手菸害,平均不到 20 分鐘就有 1 人因菸害而失去生命。

為有效控制菸害問題,我國自 86 年起開始實施菸害防制法,訂定禁菸場所、菸業與販賣者管理、戒菸、教育、廣告等規範,至 91 年菸酒稅法實施,開徵菸品健康福利捐(以下簡稱菸捐),始有經費「專款專用」挹注菸害防制工作推動。並於 94 年與民間反菸團體的努力下由總統完成批准「菸草控制綱要公約( The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control ,簡稱 FCTC )」,依循該公約精神,循序推動各項防制措施,於 96 年通過菸害防制法修正(於 98 年施行),重大措施包括調高菸捐 20 元、擴大禁菸範圍、增加菸品標示警示圖文、規範菸品陳列展示、限制菸品廣告促銷與贊助,以及申報菸品成分和毒性資料,同時善用菸捐推動各項健康措施,這是臺灣菸害防制法的重大變革,與世界同步,也是立法管制菸害之重要里程碑。

經逐年推動,成年人吸菸率從 79 年 32.5%降至 105 年的 15.3%,降幅超過一半( 52.9%)。青少年吸菸率亦獲控制,國中學生吸菸率由 93 年的 6.6%降至 105 年的 3.7%,降幅達四成( 44.1%);另,高中職學生吸菸率由 94 年的 15.2%降至 105 年的 9.3%,降幅達三分之一( 38.9%),已逐步邁向 WHO NCD 2025 年減少 30%吸菸率之目標。

然而,成人與青少年吸菸率雖下降,但成人近三年下降幅度已趨緩,吸菸率由 103 年 16.4%降至 105 年的 15.3%,吸菸率每年下降僅約 0.58%。此外,國、高中學生電子煙吸食率亦由 103 年的 2.0%與 2.1%,竄升至 105 年 3.7%與 4.8%,增加近一倍,顯示電子煙的興起,已成為我國未來菸害防制重大議題。

菸害防制法上次( 96 年修正)已逾多年未修正,保障國民健康、營造無菸的環境與配合新興議題的立場刻不容緩,國民健康署參納國際經驗與研究實證、朝野政黨意見、民間團體與專家意見、以及民眾共識,將積極推動全面性「菸害防制法」修法,包括加大警示圖文面積、禁止加味菸、增訂禁止菸品贊助、持續擴大禁菸場所範圍及全面管禁電子煙等,呼籲國人拒絕一手菸、二手菸、三手菸危害,一起支持推動菸害防制法全面性修法,期望全民共同攜手努力防制菸害,拒菸興邦利民、促進國民健康。

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